Immunofixation of serum is normal. No paraprotein is identified and polyclonal immunoglobulins are within normal limits.
Immunofixation of serum is normal. No paraprotein is identified and polyclonal immunoglobulins are low.
Serum immunofixation is normal. No monoclonal immunoglobulin is detected. It is possible that a paraprotein, corresponding to the faint abnormal band detected on serum protein electrophoresis, is present in concentration below the level of detection. Follow-up studies are suggested if there is clinical evidence of monoclonal gammopathy or a B cell lymphoproliferative disorder.
Increased polyclonal immunoglobulins
Immunofixation of serum shows increased polyclonal immunoglobulins. No paraprotein is identified The suspect bands on serum protein electrophoresis are probably immune complexes.
Immunofixation of serum shows increased polyclonal immunoglobulins. No paraprotein is identified although there are multiple faint irregularities in IgG, kappa and lambda lanes The suspect bands on serum protein electrophoresis are probably immune complexes or an oligoclonal process.
The level of IgA is elevated while that of IgM is suppressed.
Immunoglobulin quantitation demonstrates IgA deficiency. Selective IgA deficiency may be associated with autoimmune conditions. The other immunoglobulins are within normal limits.
The examination shows severely decreased IgG, IgM and IgA. There is no evidence of a paraprotein. This is consistent with the diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates an IgG Kappa paraprotein in the mid gamma region.
Serum immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgG kappa paraprotein corresponding to the abnormal protein detected on serum protein electrophoresis.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates an IgG Lambda paraprotein in the mid gamma region.
Serum immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgG Lambda paraprotein corresponding to the abnormal protein detected on serum protein electrophoresis.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrate three a IgA Kappa paraprotein bands in the fast gamma region. This pattern is a common feature of IgA paraproteins. It is usually due to a single clone producing multiple variants of a single monoclonal protein. A diclonal gammopathy is less likely.
Serum Immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgA lambda paraprotein that co-migrates with C3 in the beta-2 zone. Urine protein electrophoresis is recommended.
Serum immunofixation demonstrates a monoclonal IgM kappa paraprotein corresponding to the abnormal protein detected on serum protein electrophoresis. This is an unusual paraprotein in that it precipitates at the origin of electrophoresis and could only be identified after reduction with dithiothreatol. Such proteins are more likley to cause hyperviscosity or cryoglobulin disease.
The high level of this paraprotein and the suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins are evidence for a malignant process, most likely multiple myeloma.
The low level of this paraprotein and the absence of suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins are evidence for a monoclonal protein of undetermined significance which may be a benign process.
The low level of this paraprotein and the absence of suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins are evidence for a benign process.
Repeat serum protein electrophoresis is suggested in 3 to 6 months to monitor this abnormal protein.
Electrophoresis and immunofixation of urine are suggested if light chain disease or other malignant condition is suspected clinically.
This paraprotein is to faint to be seen against the background of polyclonal IgG on serum protein electrophoresis.
Free Light Chains could be IgE or IgD
There is also a faint Kappa band without corresponding heavy chain in the slow gamma region. It probably represents free light chains. Urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation is recommended to evaluate the excretion of light chains.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates a discrete band of Lambda light chains in the mid gamma region. There is no corresponding staining of IgG, IgA or IgM heavy chains. If this band is free light chains, large amounts should be present in the urine. It is also possible that this is an abnormal immunoglobulin fragment or an IgD or IgE paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress to evaluate these possibilities.
In addition, there are two faint bands in the IgG lane that are not associated with detectable light chain staining. They could be immune complexes.
Immunofixation of serum shows no paraprotein. The faint suspect bands in the gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis do not detectably stain stain above the background of polyclonal immunoglobulins with any of the immunoglobulin reagents over the background of normal immunoglobulins This is typical of immune complexes.
Immunofixation of serum shows no paraprotein. The faint suspect bands in the gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis do not detectably stain stain above the background of polyclonal immunoglobulins with any of the immunoglobulin reagents. A faint band of IgG with both Kappa and Lambda light chains is present at the origin. This is typical of immune complexes.
Two faint bands are present in the IgG, Kappa and Lambda lanes. Such bands that stain with both Kappa and Lambda are most likely immune complexes, but could be an oligoclonal process.
Immunofixation of serum shows no paraprotein. The suspect band in the gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis does not detectably stain with any of the immunoglobulin reagents. It could be immune complexes or an oligoclonal process.
Immunofixation of serum shows no paraprotein. The suspect band in the gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis does not detectably stain with any of the immunoglobulin reagents. It could be CRP.
Immunofixation of serum shows no paraprotein. The suspect band in the alpha-beta region of serum protein electrophoresis does not detectably stain with any of the immunoglobulin reagents. Since the sample was hemolyzed and immunofixation is negative, the suspicious band in the alpha-beta zone was probably hemoglobin..
Interpreted by Drs. Thomas & Hunter.
Immunofixation of serum shows no paraprotein. The suspect band in the alpha 2 region of serum protein electrophoresis is not an immunoglobulin.
No monoclonal immunoglobulin is detected on serum immunofixation. The protein band detected on serum electrophoresis appears to represent a precipitate that was solubilized after heating at 37 degrees C. Cryoglobulin and cryofibrinogen tests are suggested.
The band identified in the fast gamma region on serum protein electrophoresis does not stain with any of the immunoglobulin reagents. It could be an artifact. fibrinogen
Serum protein immunofixation demonstrates several IgG bands. Two are IgG Kappa and one is IgG Lambda. The low level of these bands and the absence of suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins are evidence for an oligoclonal process that may be benign.
Immunofixation of serum shows that the suspect bands in the gamma region of serum protein electrophoresis are IgG but do not detectably stain with light chain reagents. They could be immune complexes or an oligoclonal process.
Repeat serum protein electrophoresis is recommended in 3 to 6 months to monitor the evolution of these bands.
Electrophoresis and immunofixation of urine are suggested if light chain disease or other malignant condition is suspected clinically.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates two faint Lambda bands in the gamma region. These are clearly not IgA or IgM and can not be positively identified as IgG. These faint bands probably represent a benign oligoclonal process.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates multiple faint IgG bands. Two are IgG kappa and three are IgG lambda. These probably represent an oligoclonal process or immune complexes that are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Serum protein immunofixation demonstrates several IgG bands. Two are IgG Kappa band and three are IgG Lambda. These bands are different from those reported previously. This suggests a reactive oligoclonal process rather than a malignancy.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates multiple faint bands. One is IgM Kappa. One is IgG lambda. Other lambda bands are probably IgG, but the heavy chain can not be positively identified. These probably represent an oligoclonal process or immune complexes that are associated with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates two IgG Kappa bands in the mid to slow gamma region. The IgA band in the beta region also has a restricted heterogeneity, but no associated light chain abnormality is detected. In the post bone marrow transplant situation, these bands could be a transient oligoclonal process or they could represent true paraproteins.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates two paraproteins in the slow gamma region. The faster one is IgG lambda and the slower one is IgG kappa. In addition, a precipitate of protein is present at the origin of the IgM and lambda lanes. This is probably a third monoclonal protein.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates a biclonal gammopathy with both an IgM kappa paraprotein and and a slower migrating IgG lambda paraprotein in the gamma zone.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates a faint diffuse IgA band in the beta region that stains with both Kappa and Lambda antibodies. However, these appear to have slightly different mobilities. This suggests a biclonal gammopathy.
Immunofixation of serum for IgE and IgD is negative. The abnormal band again stained with the kappa reagent. This suggests light chain disease. However, this amount of light chain in the serum is usually associated with large amounts in the urine. Failure to see large amounts suggests that this is a larger protein than free light chains.
A precipitate of protein at the origin of the IgG, IgA, kappa and lambda lanes is characteristic of paraprotein precipitate or or immune complexes. In addition, polyclonal immunoglobulins are increased.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates a precipitate of protein at the origin of the IgG, kappa and lambda lanes. This is characteristic of immune complexes. There is no evidence of a paraprotein.
Immunofixation of serum demonstrates a precipitate of protein at the origin of all lanes. However, it is stronger in the IgM and lambda lanes. This is suspicious, but not diagnostic of an IgM lambda monoclonal protein. Repeat examination is suggested.
TOP
Cryoprecipitate
The cryoglobulin was isolated and examined by immunofixation with and without dithiothreitol. The untreated sample remained precipitated at the origin and stained for IgM, kappa and lambda, but not for IgG or IgA. The dithiothreitol treated sample stained strongly as an IgM kappa paraprotein. The lambda staining of the native molecule may be nonspecific or a reflection of anti-immunoglobulin activity of the paraprotein.
The cryoglobulin, present in low concentration, was isolated and examined by immunofixation with and without dithiothreitol. The untreated sample remained precipitated at the origin. The dithiothreitol treated sample demonstrated diffuse staining in the IgM and kappa lanes, with faint lambda staining. This would be atypical for type I (monoclonal) cryoglobulinemia and is more consistent with types II or III which is characterized by monoclonal or polyclonal Ig with rheumatoid factor activity. However, very little if any IgG is detected in the cryoprecipitate, making the results ambiguous. The low concentration of the IgM kappa protein weighs against multiple myeloma as the source of the cryoglobulin. However, this possibility cannot be formaly excluded. Polyclonal cryoglobulins are associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, autoimmune disease, hepatitis C and other infections.
TOP
PPT paraprotein
The suspect paraprotein precipitated at the origin so it was treated like a cryoglobulin and examined by immunofixation with and without dithiothreitol. The untreated sample remained precipitated at the origin and stained for everything IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa and lambda. The dithiothreitol treated sample stained strongly as an IgM lambda paraprotein.
The concentration of this macroglobulin paraprotein may be significantly higher than the value of 0.7 gm/dl measured by densitometry because precipitated proteins frequently scan lower than the actual value. A better estimation might be obtained by immunichemical quantitation of IgM.
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ