The other fractions are within normal limits and there is no evidence of a paraprotein.
Normal serum protein electrophoresis. There is no evidence of a paraprotein.
Essentially normal serum protein electrophoresis.
High total protein in the absence of other abnormalities is frequently associated with dehydration.
The examination is similar to the previous one on 1/9/95.
This is a highly abnormal serum protein electrophoresis with multiple abnormalities.
The sample was hemolyzed. Large amounts of hemoglobin obscure other bands bind haptoglobin and alter the alpha and beta regions invalidating the densitometry measurements. The other fractions show evidence of chronic inflammation. There is no evidence of a paraprotein.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates evidence of severe acute inflammation with elevation of acute phase proteins. There is no evidence of a paraprotein.
The other fractions show evidence of acute inflammation with elevation of acute phase reactants.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates evidence of severe acute inflammation and borderline hypogammaglobulinemia. There is no evidence of a paraprotein. The combination of hypogammaglobulinemia and severe inflammation suggests an immunologic abnormality or an autoimmune disease. Measurements of immunoglobulin subclasses and auto antibodies might be helpful.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and evidence of chronic inflammation. There is no evidence of a paraprotein.
Essentially normal serum protein electrophoresis. Polyclonal gamma globulins are elevated in the absence of other protein abnormalities. Hypergammaglobulinemia is a sign of chronic inflammation, but the absence of other abnormalities is unusual. No paraprotein is identified.
Anodal extension of the gammaglobulins suggests elevation of IgA associated with liver disease.
Hypergammaglobulinemia of both IgG and IgA is frequently associated with liver disease.
Inflammation, acute and chronic
This is a highly abnormal serum protein electrophoresis with multiple abnormalities.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates evidence of acute and chronic inflammation with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and elevation of acute phase proteins. There is no evidence of a paraprotein.
The other fractions demonstrate evidence of acute and chronic inflammation with low albumin and elevation of acute phase proteins.
The combination of low prealbumin, albumin and transferrin is characteristic of severe malnutrition perhaps secondary to prolonged inflammation.
The combination of low total protein, low albumin and high alpha-2 globulins (haptoglobin and alpha-2 macroglobulin) and beta lipoproteins suggests the presence of the nephrotic syndrome.
The combination of high haptoglobin, alpha-2 macroglobulin and beta-lipoproteins and low albumin in the absence of evidence of inflammation is suggestive of impending nephrotic syndrome.
The combination of low total protein, low albumin, high alpha-2 globulins (haptoglobin and alpha-2 macroglobulin) and beta lipoproteins is suggestive of severe nephrotic syndrome. There is no evidence of a paraprotein. However, light chains that may be associated with nephrotic syndrome are seldom seen on serum electrophoresis. Urine electrophoresis is suggested if this is a clinical possibility.
The concentration of the previously identified paraprotein has decreased from the previous determination of ___ gm/dl on mm/dd/yy. Polyclonal immunoglobulins remain decreased.
The concentration of the previously identified paraprotein has increased from the previous determination of ___ gm/dl on mm/dd/yy. Polyclonal immunoglobulins are not decreased. The other fractions are within normal limits.
The level of paraprotein has increased progressively since 3/29/94 when it measured 1.56 gm/dl.
The paraprotein measurement includes the paraprotein plus the underlying polyclonal immunoglobulins. The paraprotein itself constitutes less than half of the measurement. Nevertheless, changes in the total reasonably reflect changes in the paraprotein.
The previously identified paraprotein is unchanged from the value of ___ g/dl measured on mm/dd/yy. Polyclonal immunoglobulins remain decreased. The other fractions are within normal limits.
Serum protein electrophoresis shows three faint abnormal bands of paraprotein in the mid gamma region as previously described. The level of paraprotein can not be precisely measured, but has not changed significantly from the previous value on 05-04-93. The normal immunoglobulins and total protein remain slightly low. The remaining proteins are normal.
Normal serum protein electrophoresis. The previously noted paraprotein is not detectable.
Paraprotein
suspected
High level paraprotein
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates an abnormal band in the mid gamma region. The high level of this protein and the suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins are evidence for a malignant process, most likely multiple myeloma. Immunofixation is in progress to characterize the abnormal protein.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates an abnormal band in the mid gamma region. The normal immunoglobulins are not suppressed and the other fractions are within normal limits. Immunofixation is in progress to characterize the suspect paraprotein.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates
There is also a faint abnormal band in the slow gamma region that is not associated with suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins. It could be a paraprotein, an oligoclonal process or circulating immune complexes. Immunofixation is in progress to characterize the suspect protein.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates an abnormal band in the mid gamma region.
The band plus the underlying polyclonal immunoglobulins measures 0.36 mg/dl. The paraprotein itself constitutes less than half of this. The normal immunoglobulins are not suppressed and the other fractions are within normal limits. Immunofixation is in progress to characterize the suspect paraprotein.
The level of paraprotein is to low to be measured by densitometry against the background of polyclonal immunoglobulins.
The low level of this paraprotein and the absence of suppression of polyclonal immunoglobulins are evidence for a monoclonal protein of undetermined significance which may be a benign process.
Repeat serum protein electrophoresis is suggested in 3 to 6 months to monitor this abnormal protein.
There is an unusually prominent band in the Beta-2 region. This could be C3, but is suspicious for a comigrating paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress to characteize it.
Serum protein electrophoresis run as a control on the immunoglobulin quantitation demonstrates an abnormal band in the slow gamma region which might be a paraprotein. Immunofixation is suggested to characterize it if clinically indicated.
A faint abnormal band is present on the leading edge of the alpha-2 zone. It could be alpha-2 macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin or a paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress to evaluate the possibility that it is a paraprotein.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
The band of alpha-1 antitrypsin appears low. The value of this protein can be measured immunochemically if a deficiency is consistent with the clinical condition.
The alpha-1 fraction, which is low. This is suggestive of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Enzyme phenotyping and quantitation are available for evaluation if clinically indicated.
The band of alpha-1 antitrypsin appears low. The value of this protein can be measured immunochemically if a deficiency is consistent with the clinical condition.
A double band is noted in the alpha-1 antiprotease region which probably represents heterozygosity of the alpha-1 antitrypsin gene. Alpha-1 antitrypsin levels and phenotype studies could be performed to exclude congenital deficiency.
Increased alpha-1-antitrypsin is consistent with an acute phase response.
The albumin fraction is slurred anodally, suggesting bilirubin or drug binding.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates mild hypogammaglobulinemia in an otherwise normal pattern.
Hypogammaglobulinemia in adults may be associated with common variable immunodeficiency or a lymphoproliferative disease. Immunofixation of serum and urine is suggested if the clinical picture suggests the latter.
Immunofixation of serum is in progress to evaluate the latter possibility.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates an abnormal band in the fast gamma region, which is suspicious for fibrinogen (i.e., a plasma sample vs serum). Immunofixation is in progress to characterize this protein.
Decreased haptoglobin may be associated with low level intravascular hemolysis.
Haptoglobin, increased
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates an increased level of haptoglobin in absence of any other protein abnormalities. This may represent high estrogen stimulation.
An increased level of haptoglobin may represent high estrogen stimulation.
The process appears to have resolved slightly since the previous determiantion on 11/29/94. There is less acute inflammation.
These bands have changed and diminished since the previous examination on 8/11/94
Faint bands in the gamma region suggest the presence of circulating immune complexes or oligoclonal bands. Such bands are common in chronic inflammatory or autoimmune processes.
The combination of hypergammaglobulinemia, low C3 and diffuse bands in the gamma region is characteristic of circulating immune complexes associated with a chronic autoimmune or inflammatory condition. However, they may represent a paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress.
The combination of low C3 and hypergammaglobulinemia suggests an active autoimmune or inflammatory condition associated with circulating immune complexes.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates hypogammaglobulinemia. Faint bands in the gamma region suggest the presence of circulating immune complexes or oligoclonal bands. Such bands are common in patients following transplantation or other immunosuppressive condition. Repeat serum protein electrophoresis is recommended in 3 to 6 months if clinically indicated.
However, they may represent a paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress.
Faint bands in the gamma region suggest the presence of circulating immune complexes or an oligoclonal process. Such bands are common in patients following transplantation or other inflammatory conditions especially if associated with immunosuppression. Repeat serum protein electrophoresis is recommended in 3 to 6 months if clinically indicated.
Faint bands in the gamma region suggest the presence of circulating immune complexes or oligoclonal bands. Such bands are common in chronic inflammatory or autoimmune processes, but may represent a paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress.
Faint bands in the gamma region suggest the presence of circulating immune complexes an oligoclonal process or a low level paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress to further characterize the suspect bands.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates a progressive normalization of the polyclonal imunoglobulins since March, 1994. The previously identified bands are no longer visible. A new faint band is present in the mid-slow gamma region. This pattern of shifting bands is characteristic of oligoclonal processes associated with regenerating lymphoid systems.
Elevated transferrin is usually associated with iron deficiency anemia or elevated estrogen.
Transferrin, split
A double band is noted at the beta 1 region which probably represents heterozygosity of the transferrin gene, however it could possibly be a monoclonal gammopathy Therefore serum immunofixation is in progress.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates a double band in the transferrin zone. This is probably a genetic variant of transferrin, but could be a paraprotein. Immunofixation is suggested if the clinical condition suggests that a monoclonal protein might be present. The other fractions are within normal limits.
Low transferrin
The transferrin band is very low and unusually diffuse. This is a highly unusual pattern. Low transferrin can be associated with inflammation or malnutrition, but the examination is not typical of either condition in a severe enough pattern. Congenital atransferrinemia has been reported, but is rare. It is associated with microcytic hypochromic anemia despite the presence of normal serum iron levels. The transferrin level should be measured by nephelometry in addition to obtaining serum iron and TIBC if this is a clinical possibility.
Elevated levels of beta lipoprotein may be seen in type 2 hypercholesterolemia or nephrotic syndrome.
This is characteristic of familial hypercholesterolemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia). However, most persons with elevated beta lipoproteins do not have familial hypercholesterolemia, but other less well characterized monogenic or polygenic lipid disorders.
Elevated alpha lipoproteins may be seen in pregnancy, post menopausal estrogen therapy or liver disease.
The fast migrating gamma globulin which is typically IgA appears to be low. Immunoglobulin quantitation should be performed if the clinical condition is consistent with a selective IgA deficiency.
Serum protein electrophoresis demonstrates evidence of mild acute and chronic inflammation. There is no evidence of a paraprotein. The hypergammaglobulinemia extends to the beta region (beta-gamma bridging) which is suggestive of increased IgA. This pattern associated with hypoalbuminemia is consistent with liver disease.
The C3 band is low and there is an anodal accentuation of the beta-1 band suggesting large amounts of C3b in the circulation dur to in vivo activation of complement. Measurements of C3, C4 and CH50 may be indicated. Measurements of immunoglobulin subclasses and auto antibodies might be helpful.
Serum protein electrophoresis is normal except for a band of protein precipitate at the origin. Such precipitates can be generated by heating a specimen or prolonged storage. However, when this happens, changes in other bands are usually present as well. Such precipitates can also indicate cryoglobulins or a paraprotein. Immunofixation is in progress to assess the latter possibility. A test for cryoblobulins is suggested.